Which action constitutes a breach of confidentiality under Utah law?

The action that constitutes a breach of confidentiality under Utah law is the disclosure of confidential information without consent, except where required by law or court order. This principle is rooted in the ethical obligation to protect a client's information, ensuring that sensitive details are not disclosed without appropriate permission.

In a legal context, confidentiality is paramount to maintaining the trust between a client and their attorney or any other professional bound by such duties. Disclosure without consent violates that trust and potentially exposes the client to risks, such as knowingly revealing a private matter or compromising legal rights. However, exceptions exist in circumstances where the law mandates disclosure or a court order requires it, emphasizing the importance of consent in maintaining confidentiality.

When discussing the other options, sharing information with family members and discussing case details in public forums can breach confidentiality in many situations, but the critical factor is the absence of explicit consent. While informing law enforcement might also involve disclosure, it is contextual; often such information needs to be reported under specific legal obligations or exceptions, which can be justified outside of a breach of confidentiality. Thus, the most straightforward and clear-cut breach identified here is the unauthorized disclosure absent of legal justification.